Knowledge@wharton

When Richard ”Dick” Fuld took charge of Lehman Brothers as CEO in 1994 the firm was famous on Wall Street for the bitter internal feud between traders and investment bankers that had cost Lehman its independence a decade earlier. Fuld who had sided with fellow traders in the battle knew he would have to make peace with the bankers and create a culture based on teamwork if the firm wanted to compete in a new era of integrated financial services. ”The early Lehman Brothers was a great example of how not to do it ” he said in a recent Wharton Leadership lecture. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In her keynote address at the 28th Annual Wharton Women in Business Conference in Philadelphia Thia Breen president of Estee Lauder Americas and head of Global Business Development told the audience that she was nearly fired from her first job. ”That was the moment I started to understand: I am totally responsible for my own success ” said Breen whose first job out of college was unloading shipments of toys at Marshall Fields. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

After years of a declining stock price Home Depot announced the resignation of CEO Robert Nardelli on January 3. Wharton faculty members and other experts say Nardelli a talented former executive at General Electric who came within a hair’s breadth of replacing Jack Welch as head of the giant conglomerate brought the wrong toolbox to the job after he was recruited for Home Depot’s top spot in December 2000. With strategic missteps an outsized compensation contract and a knack for alienating employees and shareholders Nardelli turned out to be a star-crossed leader. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Richard F. Syron chairman and CEO of mortgage-securities giant Freddie Mac says he remains ”bearish” on the housing market and sees a rising tide of mortgage defaults and foreclosures on the horizon. He doesn’t believe a rebound will happen until late summer 2007 when the nation’s housing inventory bloated from weak sales gets whittled down. Syron spoke with Knowledge at Wharton before delivering a Wharton leadership lecture. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

For Microsoft 2006 was a year of new product introductions: the Windows Vista operating system a new version of Office and the Zune music player to name a few. For Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer -- who spoke at Wharton recently as part of the school’s Leadership Lecture series -- these new products serve as a reminder of his goals: Convince customers that Microsoft’s latest products are ground-breaking transform a company with $44 billion in sales into an agile innovator compete against new business models and recruit enough talent to keep the software giant relevant 25 years from now. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Rodrigo Jordan a management professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile is a world-class mountaineer. He has led written about and filmed Chilean expeditions to Mount Everest K2 and Antarctica and has drawn on these experiences to found Vertical S.A. a company that uses outdoor education to teach leadership and teamwork. Jordan was recently named chair of Chile’s National Poverty Foundation a non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to social development. Knowledge at Wharton offers an edited version of an interview with Jordan on leadership tackling poverty and his recent climb up Lhotse the world’s fourth-highest summit. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

With private equity investors of all types flush with cash -- from venture capitalists and hedge funds to large leveraged buyout (LBO) firms such as The Blackstone Group and The Carlyle Group -- private financing hit record levels in 2006 and is likely to remain strong in the new year according to Wharton faculty and industry analysts. Nearly a third of the dollar value of all U.S. acquisitions last year involved private equity firms up from 3% five years ago. But just how long can this boom continue and what changes may be in store for private equity models? See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Your mother probably told you that it pays to be nice but that may not necessarily be true when it comes to corporate philanthropy. Wharton finance professor Vinay B. Nair and Columbia University’s Raymond Fisman and Geoffrey Heal looked at whether being charitable -- such as donating money to medical research or to organizations that promote economic self-sufficiency -- helps a company’s financial picture. The answer: It all depends on the type of industry. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Marketers have long used all sorts of demographic and geographic data to target potential customers -- age sex education level income zip code. But there’s another variable that companies may want to consider: Who is connected to whom?  A study co-authored by Wharton professor of operations and information management Shawndra Hill found that consumers are far more apt to buy a company’s product if they are ”network neighbors” with existing customers. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Try applying traditional metrics like cost and return on investment to find the value of diversity and you are likely to come up empty handed according to a panel of African-American executives at Wharton’s 33rd Annual Whitney M. Young Memorial Conference. Still they noted diversity has a growing importance in the workplace and minority workers need to focus on their own development in such critical areas as mentoring and balancing corporate identity with activism. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

For many the 2008 Beijing Olympics are seen as a ”coming-out” party for the world’s most populous nation. China is investing billions of dollars in sports venues such as the Bird’s Nest in Beijing the modernist national stadium currently under construction; subway-line extensions and other infrastructure improvements to make the games a world-class spectacle. But some wonder whether air pollution will crash China’s Olympic party and focus world attention on deepening environmental problems that threaten the country’s economic growth. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Alexandra Robbins’ study of contemporary American high school culture entitled The Overachievers: The Secret Lives of Driven Kids is based on a visit to the high school she attended more than a decade ago and which she says has now changed for the worse. These days Whitman High School in Bethesda Md. promotes a ”competitive frenzy” that the author argues has taken root in high schools across the country and has led to overstressed over-scheduled teenagers growing up in a culture that is excessively focused on achievement. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Reliance Gateway Net VSNL Scandent and GHCL aren’t exactly household names in the U.S. but they may be signs of bigger things to come. These are only a few of the growing number of Indian businesses that have acquired U.S. firms in the past few years. And the U.S. merger-and-acquisition activity is just part of a bigger picture. Indian companies -- usually quietly but sometimes with media fanfare -- have been on a buying spree in continental Europe Great Britain and Asia in attempts to become key players in global markets. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In 1998 Microsoft executive John Wood decided to take a rare and hard-won vacation. He started out trekking in Nepal and ended up establishing a foundation Room to Read that has created nearly 3 000 libraries in the developing world and stocked them with more than one million books. His experiences are chronicled in a recently-published book that offers his corporate-based perspective on how to raise money market the product leverage relationships and ultimately maximize results. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

When it comes to price wars Wharton marketing professor Z. John Zhang can’t help but notice that companies in the West and companies in China are quite literally worlds apart. In the West Zhang says the outbreak of a price war is viewed as the failure of managerial rationality. In China the outbreak of a price war is considered a legitimate and effective business strategy. In a recent paper Zhang and Dongsheng Zhou a marketing professor at the China Europe International Business School in Shanghai analyze two price wars that took place in China in the mid-1990s. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Amazon plans to sell computing power like a utility company sells electricity. Google is building a suite of productivity software programs connected to the web to take on Microsoft. And Yahoo has launched or acquired so many properties that they run the risk of competing with each other. Such efforts could represent new growth areas and smart diversification moves. Or they could prove to be costly distractions. The big question: Should a company stay focused on its core competencies or should it diversify to keep up with or attempt to surpass its peers? See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Fortune 500 companies claim to be ”entrepreneurial ” as do charities and government agencies. Members of many Washington think tanks dub themselves ”policy entrepreneurs.” Even children who mow lawns and run lemonade stands get the ”entrepreneur” label. But as the term has come into wide use its meaning has gradually eroded leaving open the question of who entrepreneurs really are and what distinguishes their ventures from conventional ones. The recent 2006 Wharton Entrepreneurship Conference invited a group of well entrepreneurs to debate the issue. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

”Black Friday” -- the day after Thanksgiving that signals the start of the holiday shopping season in the U.S. -- was particularly charged this year marked by midnight store openings and brawls over scarce sale items. Despite the hoopla retailers are expected to post only modest gains this month according to Wharton faculty and retail analysts. A key problem they note is that shoppers continue to procrastinate on holiday purchases despite highly visible early-season marketing promotions. The one area where sales are moving at a brisk pace: online retail. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Although far from a done deal US Airways’ hostile bid to acquire bankrupt Delta Air Lines would result in a strong combined company and would be a feather in the cap of the chief executive of US Airways. But it would also be a mixed blessing for passengers resulting in more flight choices but most likely higher fares as well according to faculty members at Wharton and industry analysts who also note that the overture could lead to further consolidation in the industry. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Africa’s political leaders are taking major steps to build a better foundation for investment one of its most influential business leaders told the recent 14th annual Wharton Africa Business Forum. Mamphela Ramphele a former managing director of the World Bank said that the continent ”has made historic efforts to affirm good governance build strong institutions and fight corruption.” See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.