Knowledge@wharton

On Friday February 1 Microsoft announced it was making an unsolicited bid to acquire Yahoo for $44.6 billion in cash and stock a 62% premium over Yahoo’s stock price at the time. Yahoo is officially ”evaluating” the offer and according to reports is talking to other companies as possible suitors. Meanwhile Google seems determined to derail the deal stating that it finds the proposed acquisition ”troubling” and offering to help Yahoo come up with other options. Does the deal make sense and if it goes through how difficult will it be to meld these two giant technology companies into one? Knowledge at Wharton spoke with Wharton management professors Larry Hrebiniak and David Hsu to get their views on Microsoft’s offer. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

While changing jobs and shifting careers is hardly unusual in today’s business world Russ Palmer is somewhat unique in that he has been the leader of three very different organizations over the past several decades. He was CEO of Touche Ross (now Deloitte & Touche) for 10 years dean of Wharton for seven years and now owner chairman and CEO of The Palmer Group a corporate investment firm. Each of these positions required very different skills and the ability to adapt to a unique set of challenges -- what Palmer calls ”a context-driven approach to leadership.” In his new book Ultimate Leadership: Winning Execution Strategies for Your Situation Palmer describes how today’s leaders can adapt to and succeed in any business environment. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Deliberations at the World Economic Forum in Davos last month did not go entirely as planned but few of the 2 400 people attending the meeting were deterred by the plunging market. In this opinion piece management professor Michael Useem who directs Wharton’s Center for Leadership and Change Management and who attended the forum discusses how Davos has emerged as a ”classroom on globalization.” Among the key lessons from this year’s class: Central bankers have lost their way; sovereign wealth hedge and private equity funds are the new power brokers; and no new authority should be put in control. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Americans spend an average of 14 hours a week online and 14 hours watching TV. But marketers spend 22% of their advertising dollars on TV and only 6% online according to data compiled and analyzed by Google. Why are some chief marketing officers and major advertisers reluctant to add digital technology to the marketing mix despite the Internet’s ability to help target huge audiences and build brand awareness? Wharton faculty and marketing experts offer a number of answers but they also note that CMOs and others will soon have no choice but to start taking advantage of an increasing number of online advertising options. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In 2007 mutual funds specializing in non-U.S. stocks returned a fat 16% while funds with diversified holdings in U.S. equities returned just over 6%. In fact the foreign-stock funds have beaten domestic-stock funds over periods of two three five 10 and 15 years. Moreover owning foreign stocks helps a U.S. investor diversify risk by reducing a portfolio’s volatility. Why then does the typical U.S. investor do little more than dabble in foreign stocks? Wharton finance professor Karen Lewis studies this issue in a paper titled ”Is the International Diversification Potential Diminishing for Foreign Equity inside the U.S.?” See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Private Equity has passed through a Golden Age but will now spend a year or so in ”purgatory” before entering an even greater period of expansion or ”Platinum Age ” according to David Rubenstein co-founder and managing director of The Carlyle Group the Washington D.C.-based private equity firm with more than $70 billion in assets. In a keynote address at the 14th annual Wharton Private Equity and Venture Capital Conference titled ”Harnessing the Winds of Change ” Rubenstein talked about the effect of the subprime credit crisis on the industry and how ”the private equity world needs to spend much more time letting people know what [we] do to create value.” See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

On January 29 online auctioneer eBay unveiled plans to revamp the fees it charges sellers reduce fraud and increase the volume of transactions. It’s the first move by CEO-elect John Donahoe who will take over the reins of eBay on March 31 in the wake of long-time CEO Meg Whitman’s announcement that she plans to step down. Donahoe’s mission is to reinvigorate a company that remains dominant in online auctions but is vulnerable to increased competition from both large and small rivals. Wharton faculty and others offer Donahoe a game plan for moving forward. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

It’s been quite a week. Stock markets around the world showed sharp declines on Monday; on Tuesday the Federal Reserve cut its benchmark interest rate by three-quarters of a percentage point. The rate cut helped stem the losses on some indexes but by January 23 the volatility had returned. The obvious fear is one of recession -- a possibility that the White House and Congress are trying to avert by coming up with a stimulus package that will keep the economy off life support. How effective will the Fed’s interest rate cut be and what is the outlook for the Asian and European economies? Knowledge at Wharton asked finance professors Jeremy Siegel and Franklin Allen to comment on these issues. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The rise in delinquencies on auto loans is one sign that America’s auto industry is in trouble -- along with the rest of the economy. How hard are the auto makers being hit and what should the Big Three do to stem the damage? Meanwhile the global auto industry has seen some interesting developments including the introduction in India of Tata Motors’ Nano and the arrival of five Chinese auto manufacturers at the Detroit auto show earlier this month. Will China and India be big players in the global market for cars? What is the current state of Europe’s auto industry? Knowledge at Wharton asked Wharton management professors John Paul MacDuffie and Mauro Guillen to steer us through the turmoil. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Even against the backdrop of an increasing likelihood of recession television advertising spots for February’s Super Bowl XLII were nearly sold out by early January -- several weeks sooner than in the past -- and advertisers are paying record prices. While the power of television has waned as new media compete for consumers’ attention the Super Bowl appears to have retained -- and solidified -- its position as the ultimate in television marketing according to Wharton faculty and industry analysts. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The worldwide collapse of stock prices has many victims -- pension funds insurance companies hedge funds financial services firms. But those are players who if they are smart have the wherewithal to withstand a steep sell-off. What about the small investor the individual who is socking away modest sums for retirement or college costs? Should small investors rush for the sidelines? Or should they view this as a buying opportunity? Knowledge at Wharton asked six experts for advice on investment strategy. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Most industries do not begin on a single day but it’s easy to see Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s presentation on May 24 2007 as the starting gun in an entrepreneurial race that some have dubbed ”the Facebook Economy.” Zuckerberg announced that the social networking site would open to third-party developers transforming itself into a platform on which other businesses can operate. Eight months later more than 14 000 applications from third-party developers are live on Facebook including Scrabulous an online version of the word game Scrabble. But Scrabulous one of Facebook’s biggest hits may also become a victim of its own success. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

On January 10 Amazon.com announced a partnership with Sony BMG Music Entertainment to offer music downloads without digital rights management software which typically limits how content can be used. Amazon now has all four major music labels along with thousands of independent ones selling songs without DRM technology. While DRM may be all but dead in the music industry experts at Wharton point out that it is still widely used in the online video industry due to what one faculty member calls ”a different market dynamic.” See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Most energy experts agree that global warming is a serious threat and they also agree that green technology has the power to fundamentally reshape how business gets done. But at this early stage these experts -- including investors -- are finding it hard to separate truth from exaggeration when it comes to the benefits that green technology can offer. That was the consensus of industry speakers at the recent Wharton Energy Conference who participated in panels on renewable energy oil and gas energy finance and power. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

When Givenchy dressed Audrey Hepburn for her role in the 1961 film Breakfast at Tiffany’s luxury was still exclusive the particular provenance of the refined social elite. By 1980 all that was changing. When Brooke Shields announced that nothing came between her and her Calvins the message was not that Calvin Klein jeans were for her alone; it was that they were for everyone. In the 20-year span between the film and the ad luxury entered the mass market -- and quite arguably stopped being truly luxurious as Dana Thomas cultural correspondent for Newsweek suggests in her book Deluxe: How Luxury Lost Its Luster. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

After riding a wave of unprecedented industry growth an established technology manufacturer experiences a sudden market downturn. What should it do? Whereas managers often push for quick bottom-line analysis when facing uncertainty Wharton management professor Sarah Kaplan says that the best move might be to encourage employees to engage in ”framing contests ” in which they champion alternative strategy scenarios. In a new research paper titled ”Framing Contests: Strategy Making under Uncertainty ” Kaplan looks at how employees’ frames shape strategic decisions calling into question traditional notions about hierarchy and power in firms. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Though the subprime mess and rising oil prices slammed the U.S. economy during much of 2007 other emerging markets -- especially China and India -- seem to be on a roll. China’s growth rate of more than 11% is likely to continue and India too should be able to sustain a high rate of GDP growth even if it slows from last year’s 9%. Latin America meanwhile is cautiously optimistic but could see a moderate decline in 2008. The Knowledge at Wharton Network sites -- including Universia Knowledge at Wharton China Knowledge at Wharton and India Knowledge at Wharton -- spoke with Wharton faculty and other experts about what to expect during the coming year. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

At the beginning of 2008 crude prices are at record highs creating immense wealth for oil-exporting nations in the Middle East. Yet the Arab economies also face what economists call ”a demographic bulge of a fast-growing labor force” -- and the challenge of creating enough jobs for the population. This is happening at a time when the arrival of China and India is raising the competitive stakes for other emerging economies that want to make their mark on the global economic stage. How are the Arab economies dealing with these challenges? Howard Pack a professor of business and public policy at Wharton and Marcus Noland a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics address these issues in a book titled The Arab Economies in a Changing World. Knowledge at Wharton recently spoke with Pack about his book. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In Germany labor unions traditionally have had seats on corporate boards. At Japanese firms dozens of loyal managers cap off careers with a stint in the boardroom. Founding families hold sway on Indian corporate boards. And in China Communist Party officials are corporate board fixtures. But as companies continue to globalize should they consider adopting one uniform model of corporate governance? Or do global investors benefit from diverse governance structures? Wharton faculty and others offer their opinions. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

This month more than half of Americans probably made health-related New Year’s resolutions but few are likely to stick to them. Employees at CFI Westgate Resorts in Orlando Fla. might consider themselves lucky: They have an incentive to get healthy. If they join in the company-wide weight-loss contest and reach their goals they could win cash prizes or a luxury vacation. Westgate isn’t the only employer trying to push employees especially obese ones into healthy lifestyles. But using incentives and in some cases penalties to change employee behavior raises a host of legal moral and practical questions according to Wharton experts and others. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.