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Crushing substernal chest pain, bradycardia, elevated troponin, and decompensating! What are the subjective and objective signs of myocardial infarction?

Session 31 A 55-y/o heavy smoker is shown to have a peripheral, well-circumscribed mass with popcorn-like calcifications in the RUL. What is the lesion likely composed of? Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals joins us once again as we delve into another case to prepare you for your Step 1 or Level 1 exam. Save 15% off their QBank by using the coupon code BOARDROUNDS. BoardVitals has a powerful QBank with comprehensive explanation and rationales behind all of their questions. Get up-to-date board review questions. You can avail of their 3 or 6-month plan and ask a clinician. Ask one of the physicians behind all of the questions. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [01:48] Question of the Week: A 55-year-old male with a 40-year history of smoking who undergoes a low-dose chest CT for lung cancer screening. Imaging results show a peripherally located, well-circumscribed 2-cm mass in his right upper lobe. It has a popcorn-like calcifi

A 55-y/o heavy smoker is shown to have a peripheral, well-circumscribed mass with popcorn-like calcifications in the RUL. What is the lesion likely composed of?

Session 29 Which of these neurotransmitters is mostly likely causing this patient’s galactorrhea and secondary amenorrhea? Where is it coming from? Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals. When you're looking to prepare for your Step 1 or Level 1 board exams, check out how https://www.boardvitals.com/ (BoardVitals) can help you. You can find all their amazing QBanks for Step1, Level 1, or even any of your SHELF exams. Use the coupon code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [01:37] Question of the Week A 34-year-old woman presents with amenorrhea for six months (secondary amenorrhea). Her menstrual cycles have been regular until this episode. She has, most of her life, a period every 28 days with a menstrual period that lasted three days. Today, on exam, a white nipple discharge is noted. A test for urine hCG is negative. Which of the following neurotransmitters suppresses the release of the hormone respon

Session 28 A patient with a 2-month-old kidney transplant has elevated creatinine, fever, and tenderness at the graft region. What other finding is likely present? As always, we’re joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford of BoardVitals as we dig into today’s case to help give you a better understanding. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [01:02] BoardVitals If you're preparing for your USMLE Step 1 or COMLEX Level 1, check out how BoardVitals can help you prepare for your exam. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off their QBanks. They have the 3-month version with over 1,700 questions. Once you're in medical school, they also have QBanks for the SHELF exams. [02:24] Question of the Week The patient who has a history of kidney failure as a result of multicystic kidneys has an allograft kidney transplant. Two months later, she presents with fever, malaise, and tenderness in the graft region. Her lab work shows a rise in creatinine. W

Session 27 A patient with a history of arrhythmia is found to have atrial amyloid deposition on autopsy. Do you know what peptide is associated with this finding? Dr. Karen Shackelford joins us for another round of interesting questions to help you ace your boards. If you haven’t yet, check out https://www.boardvitals.com/ (BoardVitals) and use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [02:14] Question of the Week The autopsy of the patient with a history of arrhythmia revealed amyloid deposition in the atria but no other amyloid was found in the ventricles. Which of the following peptides is associated with amyloid deposition in the atria? And what is that peptide's function? (A) Calcitonin and reduction of blood calcium concentration (B) Prolactin and gastric emptying (C) Acetylcholine and positive chronotropy to sinoatrial node (D) Immunoglobulin and cell-mediated immune response (E) Atri

Session 26 A 20-year-old menstruating adult is tachycardic, somnolent, and hypotensive with GI symptoms and macular rash. What sort of organism do you suspect? As always, we're joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [01:35] Question of the Week A 20-year-old female patient presents 5th day of her menstrual period complaining about abdominal pain, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and myalgia for 12 hours. On exam, her temperature is 103.13 F. Her blood pressure is 80/60 mm/Hg. And her heart rate is 135 beats per minute. She is ill-appearing, somewhat somnolent, has hyperemic 02:04 and a generalized erythematous macular rash that involves her palms and soles. Which of the following best describes the cause of her illness? (A) Gram-negative diplococci (B) Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria (C) Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci (D) Single positive stranded RNA virus [Relat

Session 25 Dr. Karen Shackelford form BoardVitals joins us once again as we dig deep into a question about the hematopoietic and immune system. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [01:05] About BoardVitals If you're ready to prepare for your Step 1 or Level 1, go to BoardVitals. Their QBank system is set up to simulate the real USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX Level 1 exams. They have questions that are equally as hard to get you prepared for your exam. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off when you purchase any of their products. [02:20] Question of the Week A 16-year-old male presents with a complaint of sore throat, fatigue and low-grade fever for three days. Exam reveals glossopharyngeal erythema with white exudates on his tonsils. He has enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes and the posterior auricular lymph nodes are slightly enlarged. His spleen is palpable on abdominal exam. The throat culture is negative for strep and the

Session 24 We're joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals as we talk about hepatitis and how antigens and antibodies appear and disappear during the course of infection. Please also check out Specialty Stories, a podcast dedicated to helping you figure out what specialty you want to practice. Listen to different physicians as I interview them about why they chose their specialty, what they like and don't like about it, and much more. Maximize your Step 1/Level 1 prep by checking out BoardVitals. Check out their 3 or 6-month plan where you get access to there over 1700-question QBank. Get detailed explanations and rationales for every question targeted to the Boards. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [02:20] Question of the Week A 45-year-old male presents a sudden onset of flu-like symptoms and yellowing eyes which he thought looks scary to him when he saw his reflection on t

Session 23 We're joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals as we tackle a neuro question this week. Maximize your Step 1/Level 1 prep by checking out BoardVitals. They have an amazing QBank that contains targeted questions. If you have a question about a question or explanation, for instance, simply click a button. This will allow you to ask a doctor and get a response within 24-48 hours. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off. Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. [01:13] Question of the Week A patient has a decreased level of consciousness and they're testing the gag reflex. The elevation of the soft palate is symmetric when he touched the left side. But when he touched the right side, there's no response. Which of the following is true relating to this patient's condition? (A) The glossopharyngeal nerve carries efferent fibers that mediate the gag reflex. (B) The ideology of that absent reflex is a lesion of the ri

Session 22 Today, we tackle a pathophysiology question related to pancreatitis. Once again, we're joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford from https://www.boardvitals.com/ (BoardVitals). Check out their QBanks containing 1,700+ questions for Step1/Level 1. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off. [01:50] Question of the Week A 45-year-old male presents to the hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. He began to experience a dull pain in the epigastrium two days prior to admission that has progressively worsened. The pain radiates to his back. He's had several episodes of bilious non-bloody vomiting. He has no prior medical conditions. And he takes no medications. He has a 20-pack per history of tobacco and drinks 6-10 beers daily. The vital signs vary, has a temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and a heart rate of 102 beats per minute. He appears uncomfortable. On exam, his abdomen is soft and mildly distended, with marked right upper quadrant in epigastric tenderness to palpation. There is no rebound o

Session 21 Today, we’ve got some interesting case of a 14-year-old male with some malaise and abdominal pain. Once again, we're joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford of BoardVitals. Check out the resources they have to offer. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off upon purchasing a QBank. Also, they have an Ask a Clinician feature where clicking a button gives you access to a physician who will help you through specific questions or content. This feature comes with their 3-month and 6-month plan. This podcast is part of the Meded Media network where we help premeds and medical students as they journey towards becoming great physicians. [02:15] Question of the Week A 14-year-old male is evaluated for malaise and abdominal pain. He reports passing dark urine this morning. His past medical history is significant for Streptococcal pharyngitis ten days ago, for which he received Amoxicillin. Today, his vital signs are within normal limits, except for an elevated blood pressure of 145/95 mmHg. Examination re

Session 20 Today, we tackle another maternal-fetal or pregnancy question. We're joined once again by Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals. They offer a comprehensive QBank for Step 1 and Level 1. And even as you continue on your medical school journey, they have QBanks for Shelf exams as well. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% on your purchase. Or text BOARDROUNDS to 44222 and we'll send you the link and promo code. [01:58] Question of the Week A 39-year-old G1P0 presents at 37 weeks of gestation. She has not noticed any fetal movement for the past six hours. The fetal heart rate is 110 and a nonstress test was performed and it's nonreactive. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) A fetal heart rate of 110 is abnormal. (B) Fetal heart rate acceleration results from dopaminergic stimulation. (C) Fetal hypoxemia usually leads to light decelerations. (D) Fetal head compression results in reflex flowing of the fetal heart rate. (E) Usually, a nonstress test leads to a reduction in neu

Session 19 Today, we have Dr. Karen Shackelford from Bard Vitals, joining us as we break down another question. Meanwhile, have a look at Meded Media for more resources available to premeds and medical student. Another podcast medical students could listen to is Specialty Stories, where I talk to different physicians about their career and their specialty. They talk about why they chose it and what they like about it. Also, learn about what you as a medical student could be doing to make yourself more competitive for this specialty. [01:40] Question of the Week: A young woman is 26 weeks pregnant. She's 25 years old. Gravida 1 Para 0. 26 weeks gestation. She came into the emergency department complaining of leaking vaginal fluid for about three days, not huge, just some leaking. She's had some intermittent contractions but they're fairly infrequent. A sterile speculum exam is performed. It revealed some pale, yellow, watery fluid in the vaginal valve. Her cervix is dilated 4 cm. The vaginal fluid is teste

  Session 18 As always, I'm joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford from Board Vitals. If you haven't yet, check out Board Vitals and use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15%. They have a huge database and question bank to help you get the practice you need to get the score that you need. [01:35] Question of the Week An older patient comes in with a painful rash. We have a 64-year-old female who presents complaining of a severe painful rash that is localized to the left side of her upper back and neck. She knows that the area of the rash feels hot and burning and extremely painful. She is otherwise healthy with no significant past medical history. On exam, her vital signs were within normal limits. And her exam is significant, primarily, because she has a large, red vesicular rash running along her left shoulder in confluent patches. She remarks that the lesions were smaller a few days ago and they quickly start to bubble over into larger 02:39. The physician performed a Tzanck smear to confirm her suspicions.

Session 17 Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals is joining me once again for another round of discussion. This week, we tackle a certain kind of pediatric illness. [01:11] Question of the Week: A 10-year-old male patient is evaluated for abdominal pain he has had for two days. He has a rash on his buttocks and thighs. It appeared about three days ago. He's also complaining of some pain in his ankles and knees. His past medical history is unremarkable. But he was seen in the clinic two weeks ago with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. On physical exam, his abdomen has standard palpation. 01:42  He has multiple palpable purpuras on his buttocks and upper thighs. 01:50 His ankle is swollen and tender on the right. There's no warrant for eczema. His knee is tender. But otherwise, his exam was unremarkable. His laboratory study is showing a normal CBC. On urine 02:09, he has microhematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis? (A) IgA vasculitis (formerly Purpura) (B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome (C)

Session 16 We're joined once again by Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals. This week, we discuss a case about an immigrant from Central America who's pregnant. [01:30] Question of the Week: A 26-year-old, G1P0 female is a recent immigrant from Central America and she presents with crampy abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. By her dates, because she hasn't received prenatal care. She's of 25 weeks gestation and her past medical history is unremarkable. She takes an over-the-counter multivitamin but no other medication. She denies alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug use. And she spontaneously delivers a stillborn fetus. The fetus is noted to have microcephaly and imaging performed reveals thinning of the cerebral cortices, ventriculomegaly, and subcortical calcifications. Viral RNA is identified in both maternal and fetal body fluids. The virus is a neurotropic virus that disrupts proliferation migration and differentiation of neural precursor cells in the developing fetus. Which of the following is the

Session 15 This week, we're joined by Dr. Karen Shackelford from BoardVitals. If you're looking for more prep with your USMLE Step 1 or COMLEX Level 1 training, visit BoardVitals and check out their QBanks for Step 1 and Level 1. Sign up for either 3 months, 6 months, or even 1 month. Your signup will have a vaccine donated through the #GiveVax program. If you sign up for the 3 months and 6 months, you'll get access to Ask a Clinician, where you can connect with the BoardVitals medical experts to answer your content questions. Use the promo code BOARDROUNDS to save 15% off of your purchase. [02:17] About Dr. Karen Shackelford Karen is a former ER clinician. She did her residency in medical school at the University of Mississippi. She eventually moved to Pennsylvania and began working remotely with BoardVitals as a contributor and editor. [03:20] Question of the Week A 35-year-old female patient returned 10 days ago from a mission trip to Nigeria. He was evaluated in the clinic a week ago, complaining of

Our psychiatry question is asking us to identify the description of behavior for our 38 y/o male patient. Follow along to test your knowledge of psychiatry!

Session 13 We have a great musculoskeletal question for today. As always, we’re joined by Dr. Andrea Paul from Board Vitals. [01:30] Question A 27-year-old male is undergoing evaluation for left foot weakness. On his exam, he’s unable to curl his toes. He has one of five strength with plantar foot flexion and five out of five with dorsiflexion. His foot is everted at rest and he has decreased sensation on the sole of his foot. What was the most likely mechanism of his injury? (A) Fibular neck fracture (B) Hip dislocation (C) L3 disc dislocation (D) Knee trauma (E) Pelvic fracture [03:45] Thought Process If you have a fibular neck fracture, this will injure your perennial nerve where you will have lots of dorsiflexion and the sensation on the dorsum of the foot. So choice A is out L3 is too high up as well. This involves the sciatic nerve. The patient would have felt a neuropathic pain down the back of the leg. Hip dislocation is unlikely because the patient is a 27-year-old. This is pretty uncommon.